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hen your rights, your reputation, your property, your business and even your freedom depend on a translation, accuracy isn't just  important, it's everything. Top-editing Some languages translate into longer pieces of text than there would be room for, or vice versa, less than would be desirable. Top-editing means making cuts or adding fills to allow a translation to take up the same space as the original text. When publishing, it's crucial to have someone with an expert understanding to carry out this tricky task. When UPS works with text, we are able to apply four different validation processes to ensure error-free translations: checking, proof-reading, top-editing and back-translation. Checking At UPS, as a matter of course, every job is checked - sometimes quantitatively just to ensure everything is there, and sometimes qualitatively to ensure that the translation is as near perfect as possible. Back-translation This is used rarely, but is key where absolute accuracy is vital. A translation from, say, English into French, is then translated back into English again, to be doubly sure that the original has not been changed in translation (it's used particularly in medical research). The choice depends on whether a translation is just for information, or is to be onwardly transmitted in some more permanent form, like print (and on how much time we are given). Proof-reading Applying our translation in typesetting form or as artwork may offer the opportunity for errors to Provenance We often have to certify that a translation is true and faithful for court, immigration, academic and other purposes. Our own certification confirms our membership of the Association of Translation Companies and our corporate membership of the Institute of Translation and Interpreting. Where this is insufficient, we draw up an affidavit and swear it before a Solicitor or Commissioner for Oaths. When necessary we will also have documents notarised. creep in, such as missing accents in French or incorrect hyphens in German or Dutch. Our proof-readers are native speakers who are masters of hunting down 'typos' and eliminating them.